| 翻訳と辞書 |
| Jihadist extremism in the United States ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
Jihadist extremism in the United States
Islamic extremism is adherence to a fundamentalist interpretation of Islam (see Islamic fundamentalism), potentially including the promotion of violence to achieve political goals (see Jihadism). In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 terror attacks, Islamic extremism became a central national security concern of the United States. The focus was on foreign terrorist groups, particularly Al-Qaeda, but in the decade since 9/11 the threat has evolved and Islamic extremism ''within'' the United States is a growing concern. The number of American citizens or long-term residents involved in extremist activity is not large, but "the sustained and growing number of individuals heeding" the call of Islamic extremism "is alarming."
Zeyno Baran, senior fellow and director of the Center for Eurasian Policy at the Hudson Institute, argues a more appropriate term is ''Islami''st'' extremism'' to distinguish the religion from the political ideology that leads to extremism:
Islam, the religion, deals with piety, ethics, and beliefs, and can be compatible with secular liberal democracy and basic civil liberties. Islamists, however, believe Islam is the only basis for the legal and political system that governs the world's economic, social, and judicial mechanisms. Islamic law, or sharia, must shape all aspects of human society, from politics and education to history, science, the arts, and more. It is diametrically opposed to liberal democracy.〔
With the value placed on freedom of religion in the United States, religious extremism is a difficult and divisive topic. Dr. M. Zuhdi Jasser, president and founder of the American Islamic Forum for Democracy, testified before Congress that the United States is "polarized on its perceptions of Muslims and the radicalization that occurs within our communities... One camp refuses to believe any Muslim could be radicalized living in blind multiculturalism, apologetics, and denial, and the other camp believes all devout Muslims and the faith of Islam are radicalized..." In between the two polarities is a respect for the religion of Islam coupled with an awareness of the danger "of a dangerous internal theo-political domestic and global ideology that must be confronted - Islamism."〔
==Non-violent Islamic extremism==
An important element to understanding Islamic extremism in the United States is the multitude of religious non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with ties to Islamist groups abroad. These groups do not promote violence or terrorism, but propagate an extremist message that can lead others to violence. Zeyno Baran testified before the Senate Committee for Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs that "over the course of four decades, Islamists have taken over the leadership in almost all Islam related areas in America." The result is that any American, Muslim or not, seeking information about Islam will be influenced by an extremist ideology, often unknowingly.〔 An international Islamist organization, the Muslim Brotherhood, founded many of the Islamic organizations in the United States; the Brotherhood does not engage in terrorism directly, but is part of the "vanguard of a radical Islamist ideology" that can lead followers to violence.〔 Also, the Saudi Arabian government has spent tens of billions promoting Wahhabism globally and some of that money has supported mosques and Islamic organizations in the United States.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Jihadist extremism in the United States」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|